The amorphous forms of carbon do not have a definite crystalline structure. They consist of fine carbon particles formed by incomplete combustion or decomposition of organic matter.

Main Amorphous Forms Include:

• Wood Charcoal
• Animal Charcoal
• Sugar Charcoal
• Lampblack
• Carbon Black (Soot)

(a) Wood Charcoal

Preparation: By heating wood in the absence of air.

Properties: Black, porous, and a strong adsorbent.

Uses:

• Used as fuel and in making gunpowder.
• Used in air and water purification.

(b) Animal Charcoal

Preparation: Made by heating animal bones in the absence of air.

Properties: Contains carbon and calcium phosphate.

Uses:

• Used to decolorize sugar and other liquids.

(c) Sugar Charcoal

Preparation: By heating sugar strongly in the absence of air.

Properties: The purest form of amorphous carbon.

Uses:

• Used in the production of artificial diamonds.

(d) Lampblack

Preparation: By burning oils or fats in limited air.

Properties: Fine, soft, black powder.

Uses:

• Used in making ink, polish, and black paints.

(e) Carbon Black (Soot)

Preparation: By incomplete combustion of natural gas or petroleum.

Properties: Fine, high-purity black powder.

Uses:

• Used in making tires, plastics, and inks.