Volume is a fundamental quantity used to measure the amount of space occupied by an object. In the context of solid objects, volume is typically measured in cubic units, such as cubic meters (m³) or cubic centimeters (cm³). For liquids, the volume is often measured in liters (L) or milliliters (mL). In addition to physical objects, volume is also used to quantify the loudness of sound in acoustics and the intensity of data in computing.

When dealing with irregularly shaped objects, such as rocks or irregular solids, it can be challenging to determine their volume directly using regular measuring tools. However, a simple method known as "water displacement" can be used to find their volume accurately. To measure the volume of an irregular solid using water displacement, follow these steps:

1. Prepare a container with a known volume of water, and record its value (initial volume).
2. Gently lower the irregular solid into the container, making sure it is completely submerged in the water. Be careful not to spill any water.
3. The water level in the container will rise due to the presence of the solid. Carefully measure and record the new water level (final volume).
4. Subtract the initial volume from the final volume to get the volume of the irregular solid. This is the volume of water displaced by the solid, which is equal to the volume of the solid itself.

This water displacement method works on the principle that the volume of the irregular solid is equal to the volume of water it displaces when submerged.

Mass: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. It is a scalar quantity and is measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g). The mass of an object remains the same regardless of its location in the universe. It is typically measured using a balance or a scale.

Weight: is the force exerted on an object due to gravity. It is a vector quantity and is measured in newtons (N) or pounds (lb). The weight of an object can vary depending on the strength of the gravitational field at different locations. Weight is calculated by multiplying an object's mass by the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s² on Earth's surface).

An object of volume 1m³ and mass 2kg is totally immersed in a liquid of density 1kgm^-3. Calculate its apparent weight

solution
Apparent weight = Real weight - Upthrust(force that pulls the body upwards)
Real weight = Mg
= 2 x 10 = 20N
Density = mass/volume
mass = Density x Volume
mass = 1 x 1
= 1kg
Upthrust = mg
= 1 x 10 = 20M
Apparent weight = 20 - 10
= 10N

Time is simply the progression of events from past to present to future. It defines how long an event occured. Time is very essential in physics as it gives a clear relationship physical quantities. Time is generally measured in seconds. However, time can be measured in days, hours, minutes, weeks, years, etc.

Choose the operation:

• Give the dimensions for the following:
  1. Electric potential
  2. Gravitational force
  3. Impulse
  4. Torque
  5. Upthrust
• Using dimensional analysis, prove that
  V² = U² + 2as is correct
• list five safety precautions when using a spring balance
• Distinguish between fundamental and derived quantities. Give two examples each
• Draw and label a vernier caliper and give the uses of each labelled part
• State Hooke's law
• Give one use each of the following
  1. Stopwatch
  2. Micrometer screw Guage
  3. Vernier caliper
  4. Metre rule
  5. Beam balance